Polyamide fabric coated with a DHA-loaded chitosan hydrogel for a cosmeto-textile application

Cosmeto-textiles, which allow the administration of molecules when in contact with the skin, are increasingly being developed by cosmetic industries. We have designed an innovative approach for cosmeto-textile products, based on the impregnation of textile fibers with chitosan hydrogels, which have been cross-linked with genipin and loaded with dihydroxyacetone, which is an active component that induces sunless tanning. Dihydroxyacetone-loaded chitosan hydrogels have been prepared and characterized by means of cryogenic scanning electron microscopy (cryo-SEM). The images showed that genipin cross-linking decreases the mesh distance of hydrogels. The release of dihydroxyacetone from these cross-linked genipin chitosan hydrogels has been studied by a dialysis membrane method. These dihydroxyacetone-loaded chitosan hydrogels have been incorporated to polyamide textiles by a simple padding technique. The presence of dihydroxyacetone on these textiles has been detected by hyperspectral imaging on a dark field high resolution optical microscope. Finally, the performance of fabrics as cosmeto-textiles, with a tanning effect, has been evaluated by skin-colorimetry measured with an evaluation panel of 10 people. The results have demonstrated that dihydroxyacetone-loaded textiles produce a tanning effect on skin, and incorporation of dihydroxyacetone-loaded chitosan hydrogels into polyamide fabrics represents a friendly and appropriate strategy to obtain a cosmeto-textile with tanning effect

Nuevos tratamientos de lana con enzimas

[spa] Uno de los objetivos destacables de los tratamientos textiles modernos es obtener el efecto requerido modificando preferentemente la superficie de las fibras a fin de mantener la calidad del material, utilizando procesos que conlleven el mínimo impacto ambiental, tanto en el uso de productos como en la tecnología empleada. Dentro de este contexto, los procesos catalizados por enzimas cumplen el requisito de ser respetuosos con el medio ambiente, ya que los enzimas son biodegradables, actúan sobre moléculas específicas y bajo condiciones suaves. La máxima prioridad es obtener lana resistente al encogimiento, pero si los enzimas se aplican a los niveles necesarios para obtener los valores de encogimiento deseados, las fibras de lana resultan muy dañadas. Durante el tratamiento enzimático, los enzimas proteolíticos hidrolizan el complejo membranoso celular (CMC). Esto permite que el enzima penetre en el interior de la fibra a través de la endocutícula, provocando una reducción de la resistencia mecánica de la fibra de lana. Por este motivo es esencial restringir la actividad enzimática a la superficie de la lana o retardar su acción para evitar que el enzima difunda hacia el interior de la fibra, es decir, la acción enzimática debe estar perfectamente controlada. En la presente Tesis se ha intentado controlar la actividad enzimática mediante el recubrimiento de las fibras con el biopolímero quitosano. Así, el objetivo ha sido estudiar un nuevo procedimiento respetuoso con el medio ambiente para reducir el encogimiento de los tejidos de lana mediante el tratamiento con enzimas proteolíticos con una mínima degradación de la calidad de la fibra. Para ello se ha realizado el siguiente plan de trabajo: - Realización de tratamientos con enzimas en tejido pretratado con quitosano variando distintos parámetros experimentales como tiempo de tratamiento enzimático y concentración de enzima. - Optimización del tratamiento enzimático mediante la realización de un diseño experimental variando la concentración de enzima, la concentración de quitosano y el tiempo de tratamiento enzimático. - Control de diferentes parámetros químicos y físico-mecánicos y observación de fibras al microscopio óptico y al microscopio electrónico de barrido. Para conseguir una mayor deposición del quitosano sobre la superficie de la fibra se ha realizado un tratamiento con plasma de baja temperatura utilizando vapor de agua como gas generador de plasma. A partir de los resultados obtenidos se ha observado que: a) La presencia del biopolímero quitosano en las fibras contribuye a mejorar la resistencia al encogimiento y la deformación al estallido. b) El quitosano se deposita en la superficie de las fibras formando un film e interacciona con las proteínas de las fibras dificultando su solubilización. c) El tratamiento enzimático es irregular pues mientras algunas fibras resultan dañadas otras permanecen intactas. d) La resistencia al estallido y la resistencia a la abrasión disminuyen por el incremento en la concentración de enzima, sin embargo se observa un efecto protector por parte del quitosano cuando se utilizan concentraciones elevadas de enzima. e) Se han establecido las condiciones óptimas de tratamiento para obtener la máxima reducción del encogimiento con la mínima pérdida de peso, tanto para los tejidos tratados con QS+Esperase 8.0L como los pretratados con plasma. f) El enzima proteolítico, en las condiciones experimentales ensayadas, no actúa sobre el quitosano provocando su disolución. g) El quitosano no limita la acción enzimática a la superficie de las fibras. h) La contribución principal del quitosano es conferir hidrofilidad a la superficie de las fibras de lana, con lo cual se facilita el contacto entre la superficie de las fibras y el enzima.[eng] The aim of the modern textile treatments is the modification of the fibre surface only, minimising whole fibre attack. The processes catalysed by enzymes are environmentally friendly, because enzymes are biodegradable and work under mild conditions. The enzymatic treatment with protease generally reduces the wool felting shrinkage enhancing the whiteness degree and improving the dyeability. However, if enzyme is applied at levels that produce machine washability, wool fibres are frequently damaged. Proteases enzymes preferentially attack the highly swellable cell membrane complex (CMC) by penetrating between cuticular scales, causing stripping and weakening of the wool fibres. Consequently, it is essential to restrict the enzymatic action to the wool fibre surface or retard its action to avoid the enzyme diffusion into the wool in order to control enzymatic treatment. In this Thesis, wool was treated with chitosan prior to enzymatic treatment in an attempt to efficiently control enzymatic action. The aim was to study an environmentally treatment to reduce felting shrinkage with the use of proteases minimising the fibre damage. Enzymatic treatments were carried out at different concentrations and different time in fabrics with and without chitosan. An experimental design has been used to optimize the enzymatic treatment. Different chemical and physico-mechanical parameters has been studied. The results indicated that: a) Chitosan pre-treatment improves the shrink resist properties of wool fabrics. b) At high enzyme concentrations it was possible to notice that the chitosan pre-treatment also results in a protective effect on the wool fibre, reducing the damage caused by the subsequent enzymatic treatment. It was confirmed by the determination of bursting and abrasion resistance. c) The biopolymer chitosan seems to not interfere with the protease enzymatic action at the wool fibre surface. The results of this work imply that the major role of chitosan is to confer hydrophilicity to the wool surface

International eDelphi Study to Reach Consensus on the Methotrexate Dosing Regimen in Patients With Psoriasis

Abstract Importance: A clear dosing regimen for methotrexate in psoriasis is lacking, and this might lead to a suboptimal treatment. Because methotrexate is affordable and globally available, a uniform dosing regimen could potentially optimize the treatment of patients with psoriasis worldwide. Objective: To reach international consensus among psoriasis experts on a uniform dosing regimen for treatment with methotrexate in adult and pediatric patients with psoriasis and identify potential future research topics. Design, setting, and participants: Between September 2020 and March 2021, a survey study with a modified eDelphi procedure that was developed and distributed by the Amsterdam University Medical Center and completed by 180 participants worldwide (55 [30.6%] resided in non-Western countries) was conducted in 3 rounds. The proposals on which no consensus was reached were discussed in a conference meeting (June 2021). Participants voted on 21 proposals with a 9-point scale (1-3 disagree, 4-6 neither agree nor disagree, 7-9 agree) and were recruited through the Skin Inflammation and Psoriasis International Network and European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology in June 2020. Apart from being a dermatologist/dermatology resident, there were no specific criteria for participation in the survey. The participants worked mainly at a university hospital (97 [53.9%]) and were experienced in treating patients with psoriasis with methotrexate (163 [91.6%] had more than 10 years of experience). Main outcomes and measures: In a survey with eDelphi procedure, we tried to reach consensus on 21 proposals. Consensus was defined as less than 15% voting disagree (1-3). For the consensus meeting, consensus was defined as less than 30% voting disagree. Results: Of 251 participants, 180 (71.7%) completed all 3 survey rounds, and 58 participants (23.1%) joined the conference meeting. Consensus was achieved on 11 proposals in round 1, 3 proposals in round 2, and 2 proposals in round 3. In the consensus meeting, consensus was achieved on 4 proposals. More research is needed, especially for the proposals on folic acid and the dosing of methotrexate for treating subpopulations such as children and vulnerable patients. Conclusions and relevance: In this eDelphi consensus study, consensus was reached on 20 of 21 proposals involving methotrexate dosing in patients with psoriasis. This consensus may potentially be used to harmonize the treatment with methotrexate in patients with psoriasis

International eDelphi Study to Reach Consensus on the Methotrexate Dosing Regimen in Patients with Psoriasis

Importance: A clear dosing regimen for methotrexate in psoriasis is lacking, and this might lead to a suboptimal treatment. Because methotrexate is affordable and globally available, a uniform dosing regimen could potentially optimize the treatment of patients with psoriasis worldwide. Objective: To reach international consensus among psoriasis experts on a uniform dosing regimen for treatment with methotrexate in adult and pediatric patients with psoriasis and identify potential future research topics. Design, Setting, and Participants: Between September 2020 and March 2021, a survey study with a modified eDelphi procedure that was developed and distributed by the Amsterdam University Medical Center and completed by 180 participants worldwide (55 [30.6%] resided in non-Western countries) was conducted in 3 rounds. The proposals on which no consensus was reached were discussed in a conference meeting (June 2021). Participants voted on 21 proposals with a 9-point scale (1-3 disagree, 4-6 neither agree nor disagree, 7-9 agree) and were recruited through the Skin Inflammation and Psoriasis International Network and European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology in June 2020. Apart from being a dermatologist/dermatology resident, there were no specific criteria for participation in the survey. The participants worked mainly at a university hospital (97 [53.9%]) and were experienced in treating patients with psoriasis with methotrexate (163 [91.6%] had more than 10 years of experience). Main Outcomes and Measures: In a survey with eDelphi procedure, we tried to reach consensus on 21 proposals. Consensus was defined as less than 15% voting disagree (1-3). For the consensus meeting, consensus was defined as less than 30% voting disagree. Results: Of 251 participants, 180 (71.7%) completed all 3 survey rounds, and 58 participants (23.1%) joined the conference meeting. Consensus was achieved on 11 proposals in round 1, 3 proposals in round 2, and 2 proposals in round 3. In the consensus meeting, consensus was achieved on 4 proposals. More research is needed, especially for the proposals on folic acid and the dosing of methotrexate for treating subpopulations such as children and vulnerable patients. Conclusions and Relevance: In this eDelphi consensus study, consensus was reached on 20 of 21 proposals involving methotrexate dosing in patients with psoriasis. This consensus may potentially be used to harmonize the treatment with methotrexate in patients with psoriasis.